PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.